Today, the human being acquired high level of scientific technology. It makes us understand how our mind operates and even makes it possible to create artificial intelligence that works similar to our brain. Some scientist and people are arguing that someday artificial intelligence of a computer will catch up with human's brain as we can see from SF movies such as 'I robot' or 'Terminator'.
In fact, because of mass supply of personal computer, popularization of smart phone, and rising of super computer, there are already much artificial intelligence in our daily lives. Like automatic spelling check, manless airplane, and portal site that provides related search, things that accumulate information from human and use if for an appropriate situation are all fragmentary 'artificial intelligence'. Those limited kinds of artificial intelligences are all over the society. But, realization of true artificial intelligence that can think and act like human and even overcome us is impossible.
The concept of Artificial Intelligence is created in the recent period.
A mathematician of UK, Turing presented a thesis called “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” in 1950. In the works, he said that if you don’t know whether you are talking with human or computer, you should look the computer has an intelligence. After, this process called ‘Turing test’ Term, ‘ Artificial Intelligence’ initially referred at ‘Dartmouth Conference’ in 1956. At the time, mathematician and computer scientist of Dartmouth University, Jhon McCarthy planned “ Artificial Intelligence Summertime Research Project” He also defined learning an artificial intelligence as a science and technology of making intelligent machine.
In 1997, Deep Blue that is a supercomputer that IBM developed beat world chess champion, Garry Kasparov. In 2011, Watson that is another supercomputer won the quiz show 'Jeopardy'. These examples showed the possibility of the A.I in the world. Also, Scientist of MIT, Marvin Minsky predicted that A.I which has similar to human brain will be created in a century positive.
While, John Searle indicated a limitation of artificial intelligence with taking an example of 'Chinese Room'. Chinese Room is this. First, let a person who doesn't know Chinese to an impassable room. Second, give him Chinese translation task. Third, provide him meanings of Chinese vocabularies. In this experiment, a person doesn't know about Chinese grammar and meaning of the Chinese task. But, he can translate. This Chinese room hyperbole that computer can treat some certain tasks, but the computer doesn't know the meaning of it. We can learn a fact from the experience that computers can do certain works. But, they are very limited.
There are three limitations of computer compare to a human brain.
First, artificial intelligence of a computer has a physical limitation. Human brain thinks through its 200 billion neurons and quadrillion synapsis. However, the latest supercomputer has only succeeded in realization 5 thousand neurons and 15 million synapses. Renovation of technology and new kinds of computer is needed to overcome this limitation, however it is considered as an impossible work by experts. Also, a well known scientist, Stephen Hawking said that a neural ability of computer is worse than a jellyfish.
Second, artificial intelligence of a computer has limitation in data process. When someone ask people "what do you think about love?", Then each person will answer creatively and variously according to their ways of thinking and situations. However, computers are still in limitation to answer the questions like this that require various consideration. For example, computer had beaten a human in chess time ago, but in the case of go that has a lot of variables in a game, champion is still a human.
Third, artificial intelligence has a limitation in philosophical thinking. A thinking ability of human has already explained in brain science and psychology. However, creativity from presentiment, intuition, and imagination that derived from unconsciousness of a human mind can't be explained. To say again, human has a not only intelligent logic of consciousness but also presentiment, intuition, and imagination from unconsciousness that surpass the logic of artificial intelligence.
I concede that an artificial intelligence is developing very rapidly in various fields. Artificial intelligence is paramount in the fields of autonomous navigation vehicles, intelligent robots in manufacture and service, electronic tagging, and traffic control system. Also, it is true that an artificial intelligence is very efficient. But, these kinds of artificial intelligence can work in only certain conditions and circumstances. However, intelligence of human is not only in the brain, but also in sociality. Human brain develops its ability through interaction with other people. In other words, the human brain is different from database or CPU of the computer. Human intelligence is developed in continuous learning from the social activity. Artificial intelligence can't have a complicated learning skills because it doesn't have a sociality like human.
Artificial intelligence technology is developing just now too. Autonomous navigation car is driving itself, and intelligent robot in manufacture and service is showing a 14% annual grow rate in the whole world, intelligent monitor system and traffic control system is making our lives more convenient. In that case, is it possible to artificial intelligence catch up with human brain? I think it is not. Human brain has very superior learning ability to artificial intelligence, and our application ability is outstanding too. Above all things, computer can never acquire the ability of unconscious thinking and response like human. For these reasons, although technologies of artificial intelligence develop, artificial intelligence can't catch up with a human brain.
the source of information
http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1691762&cid=42171&categoryId=42187
[네이버 지식백과] 인공지능 (컴퓨터 역사, 2012, 커뮤니케이션북스)
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